Cement is one of the most widely used materials in construction and landscaping, essential for everything from laying paving slabs to securing fence posts and mixing concrete for foundations. But to get a reliable, long-lasting result, the way you mix it matters. The correct cement mix ensures strength, durability, and ease of use. Get it wrong, and you risk cracks, weak finishes, or even structural failure.
This guide explains how to mix cement properly by hand or with a mixer, depending on your tools and project scale. We’ll cover the key materials, the tools you'll need, how to choose the right mix ratio, and expert tips to get the best results.
What Are You Using Cement For?
Whether you’re mixing cement by hand or using a mixer, having the right materials and tools to hand will make the process smoother, faster, and safer. Below is a checklist to help you prepare before you start.
Materials
- Cement: Available in general-purpose or fast-setting formulations.
Sand or Ballast: Choose based on the project (building sand for mortar, ballast for concrete).
Water: Clean tap water is best for consistent results.
Tools and Equipment
- Mixing tray or wheelbarrow: For hand mixing smaller quantities.
- Cement mixer: Recommended for larger batches or structural work.
- Spade or mixing hoe: For turning and combining the mix by hand.
- Bucket or container: For measuring water and dry materials.
- Trowel: For application, shaping, or finishing.
- Measuring tape: To check quantities and proportions.
- PPE: Gloves, a dust mask, and eye protection are essential when working with cement.
Mix Ratios Explained
Cement mix ratios refer to the proportion of cement, sand, and (where needed) aggregate in a mix. The right ratio will depend on what you're building, the strength required, and the materials you’re working with.
Concrete Mix Ratios (By Strength Level)
Mix Type | Cement | Sand | Aggregate | Ballast | Example |
Standard Mix | 1 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 1:5 | Light wall foundations, fence posts |
Medium Strength | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1:4 | Shed bases, garage bases |
Strong Mix | 1 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1:3.5 | Paving, steps, driveways |
Note: Ratios are based on volume, not weight. Use the same unit (e.g. bucket or shovel) for each part.
How to Mix Cement by Hand
1. Prepare a Mixing Surface
Use a clean, flat surface such as a mixing board, paving slab, or wheelbarrow. Ensure the area is dry and clear of debris.
2. Measure and Combine Dry Materials
Add your cement, sand, and aggregates (or ballast) in the correct ratio. Use a consistent container, such as a bucket or shovel, to keep proportions accurate. Mix the dry materials thoroughly until the colour is uniform.
3. Form a Crater and Add Water Gradually
Make a well in the centre of the dry mix and add a small amount of clean water. Use a shovel or hoe to draw the dry mix into the centre gradually.
4. Turn the Mix Until Smooth
Continue mixing until the consistency is even and workable. The mix should hold its shape without being too dry or too sloppy.
5. Check Consistency Before Use
The mix should be firm enough to hold its form but wet enough to trowel or pour easily.
Tip: Add water slowly – it’s easier to add more than correct an overly wet mix.
Mixing Cement With a Mixer
1. Position the Mixer Safely
Place the mixer on stable, level ground near your work area. Make sure it's secure and won’t shift during operation. Check that the drum is clean and free of hardened material.
2. Add a Small Amount of Water
Start by pouring a little clean water into the drum – just enough to wet the inside. This helps prevent the initial dry mix from sticking.
3. Add Half the Ballast or Sand
Next, add roughly half your sand or ballast to the drum while it’s turning.
4. Add All the Cement
Tip the full amount of cement into the drum. Let it mix for 30 seconds to start combining.
5. Add the Remaining Aggregates and Water Gradually
Add the rest of the sand or ballast, followed by more water in small amounts. Continue mixing until the mixture is even, smooth, and workable. This usually takes 3–5 minutes.
6. Pour and Use Promptly
Once the mix is ready, discharge it into a wheelbarrow or directly onto your work area. Use it straight away before it begins to stiffen.
Tip: Wash the drum thoroughly as soon as you're finished. Once cement sets, it becomes extremely difficult to remove.
MP Moran’s Pro Tips for Cement Mixing
Over the years, we’ve helped countless DIYers and tradespeople get the most from their building materials. Here are some of our most common recommendations for mixing cement effectively:
- Always measure your materials accurately. Use buckets, shovels, and other containers to keep your ratios correct.
- Use clean tools and clean water. Contaminants can affect how your cement cures. Avoid dirty buckets or water.
- Don’t over-wet the mix! It’s tempting to add more water to make cement easier to work with, but too much water can reduce the strength and effectiveness of your cement.
- Work smarter, not harder. Remember that once mixed, cement begins to set. Only mix what you can and lay within 30-60 minutes.
Need help choosing the right cement or tools? Visit your local MP Moran branch – our team will ensure you’ve got exactly what you need for the job.
Get the Right Cement Mix for a Solid Result
Mixing cement correctly is essential for the strength, finish, and longevity of any concrete or mortar work, whether you're setting fence posts, laying a base, or tackling a garden project. By following the right ratios and using either hand tools or a mixer properly, you’ll get a consistent, reliable result every time.
MP Moran stocks a full range of cement, sand, aggregates, and mixing tools, with expert advice available in-branch to help you choose the right materials for your job. Visit your local branch for practical guidance and trusted service or open a Trade Account for flexible terms, exclusive pricing, and dedicated support on your next project.