If you’re starting a building or repair project, you’ve likely come across the terms mortar, cement, and concrete, often used interchangeably, but not quite the same thing. Understanding the difference between them is crucial for selecting the right material for your project and achieving the desired result.
In this guide, we’ll break down what mortar is, how it’s used, and how it compares to both cement and concrete – in plain terms. Whether you’re pointing an old wall or building something new, we have the cement, tools, and advice you need to get started confidently.
What Is Mortar?
Mortar is a workable paste made by mixing cement, sand, and water. It’s used to bond bricks, blocks, and stones together in construction. Once applied, it hardens to form a strong but slightly flexible layer that holds masonry units in place and seals the gaps between them.
Mortar isn’t just glue for bricks; it also plays a vital role in weatherproofing, load distribution, and giving walls a clean, finished appearance. It’s commonly used in:
- Bricklaying
- Blockwork
- Repointing joints
- Patching and repair work
- Bedding paving slabs
Unlike concrete, mortar contains no large aggregates (like gravel), which gives it a smoother, more spreadable texture. This makes it ideal for applying with a trowel and working into joints.
Mortar can be mixed on site using separate materials or purchased as a pre-mixed dry bag that just requires the addition of water – ideal for smaller jobs or quicker turnaround on site.
What is Mortar Made Of?
Mortar plays a specific and vital role in construction: it binds bricks or blocks together, fills joints, and ensures a strong, weather-resistant finish. But what exactly is mortar made of, and how is it different from cement?
At its most basic, mortar is a combination of three core ingredients:
- Cement: The active binding agent that hardens and gives mortar its strength.
- Sand: Acts as a filler and provides the bulk of the mix. The type of sand used (usually building sand) affects the texture and workability.
- Water: Reacts with the cement to start the curing process and makes the mix workable.
Optional Additives
Depending on the job or mix specification, additional materials may be incorporated:
- Lime: Improves workability and flexibility. Particularly useful in heritage work where a softer mix is needed.
- Plasticiser: A chemical additive that makes the mortar smoother and easier to spread, reducing the need for excess water.
- Colourants: Added to match existing mortar in repairs or to create a consistent finish across a new build.
The ratio of these components can vary depending on the strength and flexibility required. For example, a mortar used for internal blockwork may be weaker (and more workable) than one used for external brickwork.
Mortar vs Cement
As we’ve established, mortar and cement are used interchangeably, but they are not the same. Knowing the difference between the two is essential when choosing which is most suitable for your project.
The key distinctions are:
- Cement is a binding agent – a fine powder made from limestone and other minerals. On its own, it’s not used as a building material but as an ingredient in both mortar and concrete.
- Mortar is a complete mixture, made using cement, sand, and water (and sometimes lime or additives), designed specifically for bonding bricks, blocks, and stone.
Using cement on its own in place of mortar can lead to cracking, poor adhesion, and a weak structure. Mortar is designed to remain slightly flexible, allowing for minor movement between bricks and weather-related expansion.
So, while cement is part of mortar, mortar is the finished product used in everyday building and repair work.
Choosing the Right Mortar for the Job
Not all mortar is the same – different jobs call for different strengths, properties, and working times. Choosing the right type ensures durability, ease of application, and the correct finish for your project.
General-Purpose Mortar (Type N)
A versatile, medium-strength mix suitable for most standard bricklaying jobs above ground. Often used for walls, blockwork, and general repairs.
Strong Mortar (Type S)
Contains more cement for added strength. Ideal for retaining walls, below-ground applications, and projects exposed to high stress or moisture.
Lime Mortar
A traditional, breathable mix used in heritage or conservation projects. Softer and more flexible than modern mortars, making it ideal for older brickwork.
Rapid-Set Mortar
Designed for fast repairs where time is limited. Sets quickly and is often used for patching steps, paving edges, or small external fixes.
Pre-Mixed Mortar
Comes ready to use – just add water. Perfect for smaller DIY jobs or when you want to avoid mixing materials on site.
MP Moran’s Pro Tips for Working with Mortar
Over the years, we’ve helped thousands of customers, from DIYers to trade professionals, get the most out of their materials. Here are our top tips for working with mortar effectively:
- Always follow the correct ratio for your application. Too much cement can lead to cracking, while too much sand weakens the bond.
- For mortar, building sand is best. It’s finer and more workable than sharp sand, which is better suited to concrete.
- Avoid mixing or applying mortar in freezing temperatures or intense heat. Cold slows curing, while heat can cause cracking.
- Don’t overwork the mix. Once the mortar starts to stiffen, don’t add water to revive it. Mix only what you can use within 30-60 minutes to avoid weakening the structure.
Get Started with the Right Mix
Understanding what mortar is and how it differs from cement or concrete is essential for getting your building work right the first time. Whether you're laying bricks, repointing a wall, or patching a repair, using the correct type of mortar will ensure strength, stability, and a clean finish.
At MP Moran, we supply a wide range of mortar, cement, and ready-to-use mixes, as well as the tools and additives to match. Whether you’re working on a small DIY task or a larger construction job, our team can help you find the right product and offer practical advice every step of the way.
Explore our full range of mortar and cement products or visit your local branch for expert support. Open a Trade Account for flexible terms, exclusive pricing, and a service built around the way you work.
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